Luigi Bezzera of Milan (Italy) in 1901 developed and introduced the first espresso machine. By the 1940's the piston lever espresso machine was introduced, producing our beloved espresso solely by steam pressure (approximately 8 to 9 BAR needed for the perfect cup creating the magical crema).

An authentic espresso is clearly distinguished by its thick consistency, a higher dissolved content and the magical "crema" which is the reddish-brown foam that floats on the surface and is composed of vegetable oils, proteins and sugars.

Even though the trend is downwards for general coffee drinking there is evidence to show that consumers are searching and demanding more premium and authentic quality coffee (2008 National Coffee Drinking Trends).

Sustainable sustainability....

The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market is operated by the Centre for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture (CUESA). Since starting as a one-off event in 1992 it has grown in popularity leading to the market opening all year-round in 1993. The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market is at the forefront of organic food activities, attracting 10,000 - 15,000 shoppers on Saturdays, highlighting the growing global trend of consumers wanting to reconnect with local food sources and those searching for a strong emphasis on authenticity, relating to both taste and experience.

Chili peppers owe their name to Christopher Columbus, one of the first Europeans to encounter them in the Caribbean, he called them "peppers" because of their similarity in taste with peppers of the piper family. Chili peppers originate from the Americas and are the fruit of the plants from the Capsicum species. They appear in many forms and can be used as a vegetable (bell pepper) or as a spice (cayenne pepper).

Many cultures will be thankful for the chilie. In particular Szechuan cuisineis a style of Chinese cuisine originating in Sichuan Province of southwestern China which is famed for bold flavors, pungency and spiciness resulting from liberal use of garlic and chili peppers, as well as the unique flavour of the Sichuan peppercorn.

Chilies have traversed the globe back and forth. There is nowhere better to experience (other than China) the flavour of Szechuan Chinese cuisine in the oldest Chinese community in the USA, explore around Portsmouth Square (Clay and Washington Street) the myriad of small cafes and restaurants. The simplicity of the establishments often belies the quality and authenticity of the dishes. Being brave and setting foot into these eating places will provide unforgettable experiences.